Managerial Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial Economics - Research Paper Example Often, the patient needs to adjust with the hearing aids and usually it takes quite a long time failing the endurance of the patient. Social stigma is also a reason for the people not to use the hearing aids as they are likely to be tagged as old and not-so-smart people in the society. It is general perception that price is a chief attribute to penetrate the market but often it is not true for several reasons as has been found in the case of hearing aids too. Price becomes important when consumers view two or more competitive products fulfilling their needs in equal terms. When product differs in their attributes and users see one of them clearly fulfilling their needs in all respects, price becomes a secondary issue. Often, people pay higher prices for a product that meets their needs in clear terms – establishing superiority over competitive products. Amiani (2007) has explored the various attributes that measure elasticity of demand for a product or service. Demand is said to be elastic when total revenue decreases on raising the product price. In contrast, the demand is said to be inelastic when total revenue increases on raising the product price. Some of the attributes, which can decide about elasticity of demand for the hearing aids, can be described as per the following. Hearing aid is an important product, which must have unique features to satisfy the customer needs. Unfortunately, most of the hearing aids available in the market fail to satisfy the customer needs. Hearing aids are in the market since several decades yet consumer perceptions on this product have not changed. Hearing aids are not perceived to be user friendly at the first place. This is one of the major causes for not an appreciable change in the user perception in last several decades. That is to say till date hearing aids suffer from inelastic demand of the market. Hearing aid technology is not yet matured enough so that consumer can differentiate among the products and its at tributes. In other reason, hearing aids require a considerable investment for the patient as it falls out of insurance coverage. Hearing aid yet does not have any substitute in a real sense making it inelastic to the market demand. Amiani (2007) asserts from the past research of ‘Lee and Lotz’ as well as ‘Kochkin’ that hearing aids do not exhibit high elasticity of demand and the reasons are many and varied as mentioned earlier. From this perspective, it makes no sense to reduce the price to increase the revenue of the firm. On the contrary, any such attempt may bring down the revenue of the company. Question: Evaluate different possible strategies that companies could implement to gain a sound position among their competitors in this hearing aids market. Use relevant theoretical concepts discussed in chapters. Answer: Revenue is a function of product price and the corresponding sale in numbers. Any marketer would be interested to increase the revenue and t hereby the profit of the firm. Amlai (2007) has already demonstrated that hearing aids are price inelastic to their demand. Given inelastic nature of demand, as in the case of hearing aids, any reduction in price does not come with corresponding increase in the sale of the product. Marketer needs to explore some other means to expand the market. Currently, only 23.6 percent of the people use hearing aids of the total potential that makes up to 31 million. Even one percent expansion of the total pote

(one of the senses and memory) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(one of the senses and memory) - Essay Example They are all equally necessary and without one, the others would have a difficult time functioning. Together with providing inputs for perception, senses also help in bringing back memories that we often have difficulty remembering. Certain senses are more dominant than others in this aspect for some people, but the general population has reported that it was the smell of a certain object that brought back the memories in a more vivid way. I have discovered that whenever I catch a certain smell, it brings back memories associated with it. Hearing and tasting also help, but none of them come close to smell. Sometimes I even find myself tracking a scent I may have caught. Once I catch it, I just feel like staying there all day. These smells remind me of my childhood mostly, and places that I went with my parents while a kid, memories I deeply treasure. When I was a preschooler, my family was fond of visiting our grandmother’s home in the country. This was far from the city. We w ould find life there completely different. In contrast to the fast, noisy city life, the country was quiet, relaxed, and peaceful. I enjoyed it there. My brother and I would run around in the big plantations together with our cousin and play near the river. The scents of nature all around together with the sound of birds singing was so soothing. We would then walk through the forest of tall trees in the late afternoon before going home. The smell of these trees is strong at this particular time. And I have never seen or smelled these trees in any other place I’ve been to except my grandmothers compound. Now that I’ve been away from my country for over a decade, I had completely forgotten about it, until recently when I was able to go back and visit again. After eleven years of absence the sight of those trees surprised me and brought back old memories of my innocent childhood, but that was nothing compared to the smell they produced. The moment I caught it, a flood of memories just swept me back which left me in tears. Since then, I terribly miss my grandmother’s house because I have linked that smell with it. You may ask why smell is considered the most dominant in bringing back memories. The answer is not so simple. Because the olfactory bulb is part of the brain’s limbic system, an area so closely associated with memory and feeling, smell can call up memories and powerful responses almost instantaneously. That’s why it is sometimes called the â€Å"emotional brain†. Inside your nose, about the level of your eyes, is a small patch of tissue containing millions of nerve cells. The odor receptors, or senses, lie on these nerves. Each receptor recognizes several odors, and likewise, a single odor can be recognized by several receptors. The process that takes place is quite complex. After an odor molecule enters the nose and is recognized by the olfactory sensors, the signal is eventually sent to the olfactory bulb that is located right above the eyes. The signals only go to two areas in the olfactory bulb, and signals from different areas are targeted to different spots that then form a sensory map. From there, the signals reach the olfactory area of the cortex, which is also responsible for sensing smell. The limbic system, considered the primitive part of the brain, includes areas that control emotions, memory, and behavior. So it is no surprise why this particular sense defeats the others in this

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Law - Essay Example It also gets distributed through e-mails, text messages through a mobile phone and from other electronic devices. However, this law was named after a nine year old girl namely Amber Hagerman, who was kidnapped and assassinated in 1996, Texas. It all started in January 13, 1996 when Amber Hagerman got kidnapped, raped and than was killed by the kidnapper. She was riding her bicycle in Arlington, and was abducted soon afterwards. A neighbor saw and called up the police officials, presented them the description of the suspected car and also described the kidnapper. Police of Arlington, including the FBI, investigated around the neighborhood and searched for the vehicle which was suspected. However, her body was found after four days by a resident who was walking his dog. The body was laid on the bottom of the creek bed, in north Arlington. Unfortunately, she was dead as her throat had been slit. (Siegel, Larry J., 2006). The people of her community discovered that the local officials had the information about it and it might have helped to trace her after she was kidnapped, but they didn’t had any way to spread this information around the city. However, the plan was directed mainly on the radio, which was used to distribute information about the abductions. Throughout the alert, the police authorities got orders to fax the information about the kidnapping to two other radio stations. Those two radio stations than in turn verified the faxed information and then alert other radio stations through the following fax shows. It was an effective way to spread the news, but was very time consuming. Amber alert was first implemented by the Child Alert Foundation in 1998. This charity organization established an automatic Alert Notification System or ANS to spread the news in the near-by communities where the child was reported to be missing. Moreover, alerts were sent to the radio stations and were in cluded to the

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example In order to create a new business opportunity, entrepreneurs must be able to combine and align the small firm’s available resources, business opportunity that comes along the way, and the people who are working for the business organization towards a specific organizational goal (Wickham, 2004, Ch. 18 – Seeing the Window: Scanning for Opportunity). In other words, each entrepreneur must have their own way of developing a business strategy so as to increase the competitiveness of a small firm. As part of designing a business strategy, the future entrepreneurs are being challenged in terms of effectively distinguish whether or not a small firm’s network is more important than finance and vice versa. For the purpose of this study, the definition of network and finance will first be provided followed by discussing the significance of each factor over the success of a small firm. general, networking is actually referring to the process of developing and using a wide-range of business contacts and establishing a mutually beneficial business relationship with other businessmen as a way to enhance the operation and profitability of a small business organization (Ward, 2009). By improving the business network of a small firm, entrepreneurs can easily increase the profitability and competitiveness of the business organization. Kelley Robertson is the president of Robertson Training Group which aids businesses on how to increaset the company’s sales and profitsbility via busienss networking. According to Robertson (2009), â€Å"sales are frequently developed through the relationships we have created with other people†. For instance: A business networking related to marketing could open up new sales opportunities between two business people who has a common interest in doing business. By gathering a wide-range of business network, a small firm will be able to deliver its product and services using tie-ups with other related

Development And Establishment Of Public Relations Essay

Development And Establishment Of Public Relations - Essay Example This has resulted from an unorganized approach toward industrialization. The knowledge in old generations was far less than what modern people are equipped with. People were less educated and were unaware of the pros and cons of the emerging technology. Emphasis was more on the development of industries rather than on the consideration of their positive and negative environmental, cultural, social and political aspects. There was an urge to invent more and more, and in the hustle and bustle, nobody really cared how the new industries should be located to enhance cooperation among them and reduce side effects on the society. It is said that it is far easier to rectify a mistake in the start than otherwise. Very less importance was given to the planning and organization of technology and industries in the past which has resulted in the evolution of factors so evil, which have made human life difficult on the planet. This has happened for a variety of reasons.There used to be little or no transport at all. Making long journeys consumed a lot of energy of the people of that age. Industrialization is no doubt beneficial for the social and economic development of a country, but the way the industries are located, their construction is organized or what thereafter effects certainly make a lot of difference, whose effects can be judged by the level of satisfaction of the people of that area, who are associated directly or indirectly with them, or the ones generally referred to as the stakeholders.

Ten Commandments Essay Example for Free

Ten Commandments Essay All the characters in the story have their parts on building up the atmosphere. Abigail has the biggest impact because holds some sort of power over all the other girls and they all fear her, so the fear and hysteria comes from her actions and her friends; Betty, Tituba and Mary. She has courage, intelligence and a charismatic personality but uses these gifts in destructive ways. She causes a harmful influence on the terrified villagers; she has a big impact on creating the hysteria and fear in the play. Reverend Samuel Parris is also a person who creates this setting of fear and hysteria. He is like a servant towards the people who are rich and so on but very brutal to anyone unable to defend for themselves. This explains why Betty loses her consciousness when he finds her in the forest. When the blame is safety diverted to Tituba Mr Parris becomes an enthusiastic witch hunter and changes his views on Mr Hale. Mrs Putnam, as well hasnt got much positive to say about her. She takes the rumours of witchcraft as a chance to find a scapegoat for the loss of her children, however our sympathy to this changes when we find out that she has sent her daughter to talk to spirits. Both Putnams make use of Parris to stir up the witch-hunt. He is responsible for many of the accusations of witchcraft, and takes advantage of this to gain more land off of people. Mr Parris is desperately trying to find someone to put the blame onto and since Tituba was the first to be accused, she is pressurised by him, Mr Hale and Abigail at the same time. You really feel for Tituba in this scene because all of the people seem to join up against her and scrutinise her until she either is at the point of confessing or accusing someone. However until that point is illustrated, Mr Hale and Mr Pariss interrogation against Tituba has great deal of hysteria, tension and fear. So her own friend Abigail accuses Tituba of talking to the Devil. She obviously disagrees to this not making it any better for herself. She comes to me while I sleep; shes always making me dream corruptions. Says Abigail to them (Mr Hale and Mr Paris). Every time Abigail accuses Tituba, someone has something to say Like Mrs Putnam or Mr Parris, to really make her look guilty. This forms an atmosphere of tension because the more and more she is questioned she is getting herself deeper into trouble, which means closer to death. She is really afraid and falls to her feet sobbing in terror after Putnam says she should be hanged. No, No, dont hang Tituba! I tell him I dont desire to work for him, sir. Tituba says using her own name. Later on in the conversation, she gives up and tells them that she saw several people with the Devil. From then is where she starts to name peoples names and then Abigail also begins to name them too. The scene then ends with them naming a load of innocent people. They mention these people hoping that these are the names Mr Hale and Mr Paris want to hear. Act 2 (The Arrests) The second scene I have chosen to analyse is act two (the arrests). A fortnight later the witch-hunt is in full cry. John has tried to keep away from what is going on by working on his farm. His wife Elizabeth has heard alarming details form their servant Mary Warren who was one of the girls in the forest. Now the girls go into hysterical fits and anyone whom they point at is charged with witchcraft. Elizabeth begs John to repeat what Mary has said to him in the courts and to make Abigail realize that their affair is over. She knows Abigail wants to accuse her and take her place. John doesnt want to speak up. Elizabeth says he is hanging back because he is still attracted to Abigail. On her return from the village, Mary mentions that Elizabeths name has come up in court. Johns friends, Giles Corey and Francis Nurse (Rebecca Nurses husband), explain that both their wives have been charged and arrested. Then a few minutes later two court officials arrive with a warrant to arrest Elizabeth. Abigail claims that Elizabeth has sent her spirit out to stab her in the belly. Elizabeth lets herself be taken away leaving John threatening Mary that he will make her tell the truth to the judges. In this scene there is a lot of tension due to the fact that Abigail, Betty and Tituba have all told lies about other people to get themselves out of punishment. Because of this many people get arrested, many hanged and families are pulled apart. When the villagers of Salem start to find out that many people are getting arrested caused by the fake allegations made towards them, the ones waiting around hoping their names is not mentioned creates the tension and fear towards them. Just like Elizabeth, when Abigail and John Procter had the affair, Elizabeth had blamed Abigail but not John. She thought John as a good man and Abigail a whore. So to this she has great hate towards Abigail, and Abigail towards Elizabeth. So Elizabeth is really tense fearing her name will come up in court. In Act two she really shows her fear to John about being arrested. She will cry me out until they take me, she wants me dead John, you know it! She shouts. This shows how she is feeling, although throughout the play she portrays a strong character. Then soon, later on, the two (John Procter and Elizabeth) are questioned by Mr Hale because he is unsatisfied with their attendance in church. In this part of Act two, pressure and fear are high because they are really nervous about what may come and what will be asked of them. They are asked the Ten Commandments and you can tell that tension and fear is high because it has written that he begins to sweat. They struggle when John repeats the same commandment. Then from there Elizabeth helps him out. Aye. You see sir between the two of us we do know them all. Says John Procter This shows the tension is released. Until, Giles Corey and Francis Nurse tell John that their wives are arrested not too long after people arrive with a warrant to arrest Elizabeth. Fear and tension is built up here because of the fact that Abigail has accused Elizabeth of sending her spirits to stab her in the belly, which is not true. So she is scared of facing death and fears what could happen but she hides this. Oh Oh, John, bring me soon! She says, as she is about to leave. The scene ends when Procter realizes that the girls false accusations are getting too serious know that Elizabeth could be hanged and forces Mary to tell the courts that they were just playing and thats all, but she begs him not to because she fears that Abigail will curse her. I cannot charge murder on Abigail shell kill me for sayin that! Betty is really scared and begs him, sobbing on the floor, as the scene ends. Mary is terrified the moment she steps inside the court, but she copes well under the questioning of the people of Salem. She is encouraged by Procter to tell the truth to the courts about the girls being all frauds even when Judge Hathorne bullies her. However she begins to get weak when all the girls turn on her under the influence of Abigail. From there she is caught up in hysteria and begins to fall apart. Conclusion Arthur Miller created an atmosphere of tension, fear and hysteria throughout the play. I feel this was due to the witch-craft issue that went on and the 1950s anti-communist trials in USA that also inspired Miller. The Crucible was written to show people that society in those days was ignorant towards things they didnt know and understand (things they fear) and in The Crucible witch-craft was the case. The play to me showed fear well because of the witch-craft history that Miller decided to useby using this would make readers feel already tense knowing the play is some how to do with witches. The meaning of the crucible is the melting pot for metals. This can somehow relate to the story by firstly referring to the pot as a cauldron. Also, the melting point could mean the boiling point of people and how far society is wiling to go. Miller most defiantly delivered that across to readers and you know why Miller named it The Crucible. The Crucible is sometimes quite hard to understand as it was written long ago and the language is different to now, however the way people act and the facial expression that is well described, defiantly help the play to build up the anxiety and fear. Bless him. Bless him. (She is rocking on her knees sobbing in terror) The book to me wasnt interesting. This is because Miller wasnt convincing about witch-craft and witch-craft doesnt relate to anything in modern times. Nothing really appealed t me, however, the deep meaning of the play, which was to show how the lack of understanding and knowledge of something resorts to violence and how it influences people, was shown very well.

Treatment for Juveniles Essay Example for Free

Treatment for Juveniles Essay Introduction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Juvenile offenders compose a considerable chunk of criminal offenders confined in various institutions all over the United States (Juvenile offenders, 2003). In fact, reports show that the number of juvenile offenders has risen over the past decade (Juvenile offenders, 2003). Two Corrections Compendium surveys conducted ten years apart show that the number of juvenile offenders increased by an average of 11.5 percent over the said period (Juvenile offenders, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The determination of the determining age for persons to be classified as an adult or juvenile offender vary from state to state (Juvenile offenders, 2003). An accused could execute a waiver to adult court, and the age limit for such a waiver similarly varies in different states (Juvenile offenders, 2003). For example, in Kansas, the age limit could go for as low as ten years of age, while Illinois has set the bar at seventeen tears (Juvenile offenders, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Considering the rising number of juvenile offenders each year, there is likewise an observed increase in the number of secure juvenile facilities in the country (Juvenile offenders, 2003). From 95 secure juvenile facilities in 1993, there are now 169 such facilities based on 22 U.S. reporting systems (Juvenile offenders, 2003). Characteristics of Good Juvenile Facilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Good juvenile facilities offer various programs for juvenile offenders, including academic courses, mental health counseling, life skills training, vocational training, anger management classes, substance abuse education, and religious programs (Juvenile offenders, 2003). There are also newly integrated programs designed to help juvenile offenders reintegrate themselves in society, in order to allow them smoother transition from detention to the outside world (Baltodano, Platt, Roberts, 2005). These programs include sexual health education, expressive art therapy, and restorative justice practices (Juvenile offenders, 2003). Issues in Juvenile Treatment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One vital issue in juvenile treatment concerns aftercare programs. Such programs are vital for they serve as the means by which the treated juvenile offender can slowly reintegrate themselves into the community. The primary goal of aftercare programs is to, â€Å"Reduce the likelihood of recidivism and to foster success in the community.† (Baltodano et al, 2005) In Baltodano et al (2005), a study to determine the juveniles’ perception of aftercare programs. Particular focus was given on the effectiveness of the transition process as perceived by the youth themselves. Research Design and Data Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Baltodano et al (2005) study utilized the survey as the primary data collection method. The survey involved 120 youth in a chosen urban county detention facility. The participants were asked what their opinions were on issues such as, â€Å"The effectiveness of transition services, and characteristics of programs that they felt were beneficial.† (Baltodano et al, 2005)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The findings of the study revealed that there were no significant relationships that existed between the number of times of previous detention, the youth’s gender, special education status, or the difficulty that the youth encountered with returning to school. Nevertheless, there was a significant finding in that the youths who anticipated being released and going home to family or relatives had a lower mean number of times of being detained again than those who find themselves in other situations upon release. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A review of the Baltodano et al (2005) study reveals the value of aftercare programs of juvenile detention centers. Based on the findings of the said study, it is deemed vital that carefully planned aftercare programs be implemented in juvenile detention centers. This will ensure that the youths will still be properly monitored. Also, this will allow the youth to receive guidance as to how they can successfully reintegrate themselves into the community. Finally, aftercare programs will help decrease the chances of the youth being detained again. References Baltodano, H. M., Platt, D. Roberts, C. W. (2005). Transition from Secure Care to the Community: Significant Issues for Youth in Detention. Journal of Correctional Education 56(4), p. 372-388. Juvenile offenders. (2003). Corrections Compendium 28(5), p. 9-15. Wilder, B. A., Riley III, F. E., Sorensen, L. H. (2004). Quality Improvement in Juvenile Corrections: An Opportunity That Benefits Staff and Clients. Corrections Today   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   66(7), p. 122-127.