Sleeping Beauty vs. Snow White Essay

Every small girl make-believes to be a princess and struts around conceive ofing a prince charming. Even when they grow up and go a adult female. they’re still waiting for that prince to come brush them off their pess. so they can fall loony in love and unrecorded merrily of all time after. This phantasy is much because of Walt Disney films such as â€Å"Sleeping Beauty† . â€Å"Snow White† . â€Å"Cinderella† . â€Å"Little Mermaid† . and many others. These narratives have been passed down for centuries and legion versions exist today. There are many readings of the narratives and their significances that most people don’t even acknowledge. Though the narratives all seem different. some of them still have similar significances. â€Å"Snow White† and â€Å"Sleeping Beauty† are two narratives that have a common significance. Sleeping Beauty and Snow White are both characters that are unrealistically beautiful. Sleeping Beauty for case. had just tegument. bluish eyes. long light-haired hair. and an impossibly thin figure. This sets unrealistic criterions for female beauty. Besides the narratives show a dependance on males for the female individuality. The princess is kiping. merely waiting for her prince to come salvage her so she can restart her topographic point as princess and â€Å"live merrily of all time after† . Snow White was besides poisoned and laid sleeping until her prince came to salvage her. In a manner. this is stating that adult females are merely waiting about for a adult male to come salvage them from ordinary life. so that they can hold their ‘happily of all time after’ stoping. Another point that shows up in â€Å"Cinderella† is that the stepmother who raised three kids on her ain. which shows independency. is made the scoundrel of the narrative. while inacti ve Cinderella is the loveable victim. In these fairy narratives. they show intertwine a adult female is nil without a adult male. They give the image that a adult female has nil to make but wait for her prince. and so one time he comes her life will be fulfilled. In today’s universe it’s rather obvious that these things could non be more false. Harmonizing to Bruno Bettelheim. the legion versions of â€Å"Snow White† and â€Å"Sleeping Beauty† represent a immature miss turning up and going a adult female. though it is showed in different ways. In â€Å"Sleeping Beauty† . or in Grimm’s version â€Å"Brier Rose† . the expletive put on the miss by the evil faery represent new limitations imposed on a female. It can be interpreted as the beginning of menses. The 13 faeries represent the months of the calendar. The 12 good faeries represent the 12 traditional months of the twelvemonth. and since there is no 13th month. the 13th faery represents menses. Besides the evil faery realizes the girl’s potency for going the object of desire and out of jealousy attempts to forestall the miss from of all time going a adult female. Further on the representation of the expletive as menses. there is the King seeking to forestall it from go oning. because he does non understand it. However. the Queen understands the expletive and its importance. being a adult female herself. and does nil to halt it. So of course when the miss sees a spindle for the first clip. full of wonder. Se pricks her finger and falls asleep. The absence of the girl’s parents when she pricks her finger represents the parents’ inability to assist kids through the assorted tests of turning up. The King and Queen’s waiting symbolizes the delay for sexual fulfilment. It shows the terminal of childhood and a clip of quiet growing. from which she will rouse mature and ready for sexual brotherhood ( Bettelheim. 232 ) . In the narrative of â€Å"Snow White† . Bettelheim explains how it tells of how a parent ( the Queen ) gets destroyed by green-eyed monster of her kid. who in turning up surpasses her ( 195 ) . The Queen is non merely covetous of Snow White’s beauty in some versions. but besides covetous of the love of the male parent for the miss. They are jealously combating to be the King’s favourite. Since Snow White is more beautiful. she has more power and able to win over her male parent. Bettelheim uses Freud’s Oedipus composite for understanding the struggles between Snow White and her stepmother. The King and Queen in narratives represent absolute power. such as a parent holds over the kid. When the child’s place in the household becomes a job. they try to get away to get down the route to happening themselves. Snow White’s clip with the midget represents her period of growing ( 201 ) . When Snow White eats the apple. the kid in her dies. and is lef t to rest in a glass casket. which represents waiting for adulthood. until her prince comes ( 213 ) . Both these narratives represent a miss maturating into a adult female. and holding an older adult female jealous of their beauty. seeking to forestall them from turning up. These characters have to travel through a hibernating period of resting. so they can make sexual fulfilment and awake matured. ready to get down a life with their prince. There is besides person in both narratives. a male. who does non understand the maturing period. and attempts to forestall it. In â€Å"Sleeping Beauty† it was the King and in â€Å"Snow White† it was the seven midgets who tried to assist her. This shows that despite a parents efforts to prorogue being able to make adulthood at the proper clip. it happens however.

P1 Identifying the Documents Used to Record Business Transactions

P1 Identifying the Documents Used to Record Business Transactions 1. Issue of a Purchase Order A  purchase order (PO)  is document issued by the buyer  to the  seller, indicating types, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer. Sending a purchase order to a supplier is a legal offer to buy products or services. If the seller agrees to selling to the buyer it forms a contract between the two. It should include: * The order number, so it can be traced and matched with invoices and statements * The purchasers name and address which is usually across the middle of the document * The price The name and address of the supplier * The catalogue/reference number * Authorisation i. e. signature and date * A description of the goods required The Delivery Address May Be Different Companies use Purchase Orders for several reasons: price * Purchase orders allow buyers to clearly and explicitly communicate their intentions to sellers * Sell ers are protected in case of a buyer's refusal to pay for goods or services * Purchase orders help a purchasing agent to manage incoming orders and pending ordersIf The Order Is Not Properly Authorised It Will Not Be Processed 2. Delivery Note This is the document is sent with the goods. It lists the items which have been sent. The buyer uses this to check the goods ordered have arrived. It is signed by the buyer and it is then sent back to the seller as a proof of delivery. The person receiving the goods signs it after checked the quantity of the goods delivered. Information on the Delivery Note: * The method of delivery * Purchase order number * The signature of the person receiving the goods * The catalogue number and quantity The Price Is Usually Not On the Delivery Note 3. InvoiceAn  invoice is a document issued by a  seller  to the  buyer, indicating the  products, quantities, and agreed  prices  for products or  services  the seller has provided the buyer. A n invoice indicates the sale transaction only. Payment terms are usually included on the invoice. The buyer can also have a maximum number of days in which to pay for these goods and is sometimes offered a discount if paid before the due date. This is probably the most important document. This is an official request for payment. It includes: * The Word  Invoice * A Unique Reference Number In Case Of Correspondence About The Invoice * Date of the Invoice. Tax Payments * Name And Contact Details Of The Seller * Tax Or Company Registration Details Of Seller * Name And Contact Details Of The Buyer * Date That The Product Was Sent Or Delivered * Purchase Order  Number * Description Of The Products * Total Amount Charged – optionally with breakdown of taxes, if relevant * Payment Terms – method of payment, date of payment, and details about charges for late payment * The Purchase Order Number – the invoice is checked against the goods ordered, the invoice and the goods delivered, the process is called â€Å"marrying up†. The buyer only pays if all three documents match exactly. Terms – this informs the buyer how long before he has to pay for the goods. The amount of cash discount for fast payment will also be stated. * Carriage – this states the cost of transportation the seller has to pay. Carriage forward means how much the buyer has to pay for transportation * E ; OE – â€Å"errors and omissions expected† this allows the seller to correct any mistakes on the invoice at a later date. * Trade Discount – this amount will be deducted from the invoice price e. g. buying in bulk. * Value Added Tax (VAT) – this is added to the cost of the goods on the invoice. Read also Recording General Fund Operating Budget and Operating TransactionsThe VAT registration number should be on the invoice, usually below the name and address. * Invoice Number – it will identify a specific invoice for the buyer and seller. Pro Forma Invoice VAT It means for forms sake. It is sent to a new customer, or an existing customer who has been late making a payment It is sent to the buyer before the goods are delivered The details are the same as on an ordinary invoice. The goods are delivered after the payment has been made.When the goods are paid for a normal invoice is issued. It sets out charges which have to be paid in advance. Debit Note This is issued by the seller and sent to the buyer. It Is Essentially an Additional Invoice It is used to correct errors e. g. if goods were invoiced at a lower price than it should been or if some goods were over charged. 4. Credit Note A  credit  note is a document issued by a  seller  to a  buyer. The seller u sually issues a credit memo for the same or lower amount than the invoice, and then repays the money to the buyer or sets it off against a balance due from other transactions.A credit note lists the products, quantities and agreed prices for products or services the seller provided the buyer, but the buyer returned or did not receive. It may be issued in the case of damaged goods, errors or allowances. In respect of the previously issued invoice, a Credit Memo will reduce or eliminate the amount the buyer has to pay. Reasons for issuing a credit note: * To correct a mistake e. g. being over charged * Goods are faulty or damaged * The goods were not delivered * The wrong goods were delivered Details on the credit note include: The date * The original invoice number * Date * The reason credit is being given * The addresses of the buyer and seller It Is Often Printed In Red 5. Statement The seller sends all regular customers a statement at the end of the month. This Is a Copy of The Cu stomer’s Accounts in The Sales Ledger. It lists all transactions with customers during the month: * Any payments received * All invoices issued * It shows outstanding balance * Any credit note issued Details include: * Date * Details of invoices issued * The name and address of the customers The customer’s account number * The name and address of the supplier * Any credit note issued * Any payments made * The amount outstanding i. e. the balance 6. Goods Received Note(GRN) This is an internal document used by the buyer, usually in the stock department to record goods being delivered. Copies are sent to various parts of the business: * The department that ordered the goods, to let them know that goods have arrived * The accounts department so they can â€Å"marry† the invoice, the purchase order and the GRN * The purchasing department who placed the order.

How Organisations Has Been Affected By Two Contrasting Economic Environments

Task 1)When the country is in the recession everybody is trying to save money and go to shops which are cheap. Some companies cut jobs and are trying to maximise profit. Lidl is making lots of profit in the recession therefore they don’t have to worry that there is a recession because everybody is trying to save money and people are going to cheap shops and Lidl is one of them and because of that they are making lots of money in recession. Lidl is in England for a very long time and when recession came, it made tens of thousands of people to try Lidl for the first time.The same thing happened to Aldi. Lidl and Aldi have cheap products at high quality. When the country is at boom then lots of business like Lidl hire lots of people therefore there is high employment level and their wages will go high as well because they want to attract more people because the business can afford to hire lots of people therefore the business will run in a very good way also businesses are invest ing more to make the business expand and meet peoples demands, and in a boom people have lots of money which they want to spend on their want and needs and because of that shops will make lots of profit.Task 2)Human resources in a recession have to make hard decisions, one of them is cutting jobs because they can't afford to have lots of employees, finance department have to calculate how much money they can spend on the business and try not to bankrupt therefore they would have to change their suppliers on cheaper suppliers which have less quality products as they would have from their normal suppliers and that could affect their business because they could lose customers. The company would have to stop investing and save money for their suppliers and pay their employees.He company would have to stop investing and save money for their suppliers and pay their employees. If the country is at the recovery, then Human resources might start hiring new people but not a lot like they had at boom therefore unemployment will fall a little. Finances will have to consider about increasing production and start investing into the business again, demand would rise and because of that sales will rise as well therefore slowly the business will be making profit.

Business P6 UNIT 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business P6 UNIT 12 - Essay Example These types of online marketing operate in a twenty-four-hour time frame, where the target client is, conveniently, placed to get the advertisement (Sheehan, 2010). Online marketing has potential benefits, both to the target client and the advertising company. One of the significant benefits is convenience, where a company is open for business on the world platform with little expenses. It is also convenient to clients in that a person can browse the online stores at any time, and place their orders at a convenient time. Online marketing is also, cost, effective than the usual physical retail. A business entity does not have to incur expenses felt on property rental on retail outlets. Internet marketing enables one to build a personal profile of the client, where client follow up is possible, and the cost is effective. There personalized offers to meet client needs, and invite them to make product reviews, hence retaining them as regular customers (Sheehan, 2010). Another major benefit is accessibility, especially to people who are disabled. Sheehan (2010) observes that physical barriers for accessing products do not exist anymore because the internet can be accessed from various electronic devices that are potable and convenient, even to the disabled. In addition, there are potential benefits to an online organization, making it easy to manage its operation. It is also cost effective, in that one does not have to incur rental property for operation. Furthermore, many businesses are opting to do marketing online, meaning that there is a huge potential for

Film Forbidden Games Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Film Forbidden Games - Movie Review Example From the destruction caused by the war, and out of the ashes of the concentration camps as well as Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is not surprising that the philosophy known as Existentialism became a significant force. Not only philosophers but also artists in different disciplines saw mankind as lost, 'thrown' from grace into a graceless universe which no longer gave purpose and meaning to existence. In the pale, death-like faces of concentration camp survivors one recognized the fragility of human life, realized how inconsequential - ineffective - the individual was against the monstrousness of the Totalitarian State which Hitler and his National Socialists - Germany - had created. And, if the barbarism of the Final Solution and the cataclysmic destruction in Japan could happen, if human beings could imagine and create these infamies, where was God in the Universe Where was a moral center In his 1954 film Forbidden Games, Rene Clement and his screenwriters depict the effect of war's barbarity on a little girl whose parents have been killed as they were fleeing from the city. The girl, Paulette, is taken in by a family of peasant farmers and develops a close relationship with the family's young son, Michel. Their attempts to make sense of death become Clement's expression of an existentialist perspective; the children create a world that is not rational but which at least gives them a structure that has meaning to them. To an existentialist, the world has no meaning other than what we give it because no ultimate order or meaning exists outside of our own being, i.e. there is no a priori consciousness, as rationalist philosophers asserted. Human beings are 'thrown' into existence without having chosen it. They are cut adrift. Consequently, we make decisions based on what has meaning to us, not necessarily based on what might be considered rational. Though we try to avoid anxiety by being rational, an existentialist would insist that doing so only keep us from being free. Moreover, there is an aspect of Existentialism that considers humans and the world absurd; with no external purpose or meaning, our attempts to create meaning are laughable because they are merely rationalizations and therefore futile - absurd. At the very beginning of Forbidden Games, Clement presents a scene that is almost an encapsulation of existentialism. Paulette is not the only one cast adrift. Hundreds if not thousands of people are fleeing the city, fleeing what is familiar to them in the face of what seems irrational, to escape its - and their - destruction by German bombers and fighter planes. But when her parents are killed, the girl is literally thrown into a world she did not choose. The death of her dog Jock further isolates her. Even when she is taken in and surrounded by the Dolle family her isolation is apparent. What ensues between Paulette and Michel becomes the heart of the film and oddly echoes The Grand

Reactive extrusion of TPE-E nanocomposites Case Study

Reactive extrusion of TPE-E nanocomposites - Case Study Example It is very difficult to do extrusion blending with TPEE because it has a low melt viscosity and tension. Its melt viscosity and tension can be increased by adding branching agent during polymerization. Even with this increase, it is not sufficient to perform extrusion blowing. There are several attempts, which have been made to increase melt viscosity and tension during extrusion by use of a chain extender during melt polymerization. Reduction of crystallization time through reactive extrusion of PBT with the use of diepoxy group as a chain extender provides a simpler method of getting high molecular weight of PBT than the conventional method of poly-condensation. Researchers acknowledge that multifunctional polymers such as TMP, TME and trimesic acid can be used to produce high molecular weight of PET. There is an effect of the modified m-MDI in the blending process of PET since the increase of m-MDI increases the molecular weight of PET. However the reaction should not be abled to continue for a long time and m-MDI should not be added because there will be crosslinking of the product because of the excessive reaction of isocyanate. This will later affect the ductility of the blend. In a situation where the correct amount of m-MDI is used then the molecular weight of PET is reduced with increasing time of blending. This is because of degradation hydrolytic and isocyanate group. It is very important to complete the process within a short time to avoid degradation. If the time is not enough to complete the process of forming urethane then there will be production of carbon dioxide by unreacted isocyanate groups at the stage of post extrusion. fluoromica pristine clay modified with alkyl-ammoniums (ODTMA) Moreover, the unreacted group of isocyanate might result into undesirable side reaction at the post processing stage (Brown & Alder, Pp 35). Hence, it is very important to ensure that the process is completed and the physical properties are maintained. The best processing parameters for blending m-MDI and TPEE must be found. The current thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPE) is characterized by qualities such as excellent heat resistance, resistant to light, heat-aging resistance, and good in block order retaining ability and low temperature traits. The TPE is made up of hard section, which consists of polyester, which comprises of aromatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic or alicyclic diol, and a soft section, which consists of aliphatic polycarbonate as the main ingredient. Through which where the hard and soft section becomes connected, and the melting points of the TPE are arrived at by taking their measurements using a differential scanning calorimeter in three stages. First temperature is raised from room temperature to 3000 C, at a 200 C/min heating rate, then for three minutes maintain temperatures at 3000 C after which lower it to room temperature at a cooling rate of 1000 C/min. (Tm1 – Tm3) obtains the melting point differ ence (Brown, Alder, 65). Materials pTMEG, 1,4-BD, Irganox 1010 and modifies m-MDI, MM103C. In addition, poly (butylene terephthalate) was also used. In addition phenol, together with 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane, CF3COOD and TBT were used without any purification. The inner viscosity of the polymer was determined by use ubbelohde viscometer at 35 degrees (Chang, Pp 54). Usually IV is

Support or refute ONE of the major arguments in Affluenza Essay

Support or refute ONE of the major arguments in Affluenza - Essay Example ybe an above ground pool has been co-opted by the advertising industry to become the dream of living at a level of status beyond the means of Americans. The basic ideal of living within your means has become a dirty word in America; today’s Americans are incessantly instructed to live the life they see advertised around them. Unfortunately, advertising the reality of paying for things with the money you have is not conducive to corporate profits. Advertising is geared toward sending people into debt in order to attain a lifestyle they have been coerced into confusing with normality when in fact that advertising is selling a dream that more of than not turns into a nightmare from the escape is increasingly bankruptcy or losing everything one owns. It is impossible to escape the power of advertisements in America today because it literally exists everywhere. In addition to the bombardment of commercials on TV, the billboards that litter the path toward anywhere a person drives, the five minutes of commercials between songs on the radio and the inserts dropping into one’s lap from magazines, it has also become fashionable to attached ads over even the urinals inside public restrooms. Go to a sporting event and the stadium is not only decorated with advertisements all around, but the giant screen that shows the action will be trying to get attendees to buy things. Even the last bastion of commercial-free entertainment has been ruined by the introduction of large-scale commercials; going to see a movie inside a theater used to be a respite from commercials, but today a move that is advertised as starting as noon won’t actually begin playing until 12:20 after the commercials that precede the movie trailers are added. Advertising is insidious in America; it is something that is quite literally inescapable (Hood 121). The American economy used to be constructed around production, but today is reliant upon consumption. Retailing has replaced manufacturing

Alternative energy sourses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alternative energy sourses - Research Paper Example If oil remains the world's pre-eminent source of energy in the coming years, it would make the problem worse for the whole world (Stern, 2007). The best course of action to resolve or reduce the danger of human’s oil dependence is an issue of much discussion and dissention (Green, 2007). Sustainable energy sources are the best option for decreasing oil dependence and this should be encouraged or even mandated. The problem of oil dependence World energy demand has been increasing continually and is projected to increase further. Despite increases in world oil prices, hydrocarbon fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas have been used primarily thus far to supply this increasing energy demand. There are a variety of dangers that result from this dependence according to Newman (2002). Because the last known major oil reserves that haven't been depleted are in the Middle East, the oil-consuming world is dependent on the Persian Gulf for oil, Which leaves oil consuming cities and co untries with a deep-seated feeling of vulnerability. US cities are especially vulnerable as they have an average consumption of 431 gallons of gas per person as compared with European cities using an average of 133 gallons per person (Newman, 2002). There are many different views on problem with dependence on oil. One very important theoretical approach to dealing with the problem is that certain actions should be supported by Federal legislation i.e. development of more alternative energy sources. Alternative Energy Sources The Alternative Energy Institute (AEI) is a leading authority on developing alternative sources of energy and they provide extensive information about various new alternative sources of power that are being developed. The main alternative power sources being used in the U.S. are solar power, hydrogen fuel cells, wind power, hydropower, geothermal power, biomass and tidal power (Green, 2007) The Alternative Energy Institute's about solar power are very positive. They observe that in a 24-hour period the sun provides more energy than the human race can use in the next 27 years (Riley and McLaughlin, 2001). Solar power has been being developed for over one hundred years. However, most of the development has taken place in the last thirty years since the first practical solar cells were developed in the early 1970's. AEI notes that solar power has tremendous potential, but what has caused this clean and renewable energy resource to not get the highest priority has been its cost. Coal and oil have been less expensive and this cost difference has precluded solar power from growing like it could (Riley and McLaughlin, 2001). Hydrogen and Fuel Cell technology also is of interest to the alternative energy institute. Hydrogen is the most abundant element on earth and it has potential to propel planes, trains, automobiles, etc.(Elliott, 2003). It has been used in NASA manned flights since 1965. However, it will take years of research and development before this clean renewable energy source may revolutionize the transportation industry. Fuel cells have the benefits of being produced in country instead of being imported, affect the most oil-dependent transportation area and can dramatically reduce health hazards from automobile exhaust. Automakers from Japan, Europe and America are diligently working to perfect this technology. However, a limitation of hydrogen is that it requires energy to free it from water or other resources that contain it. Besides that, it also needs twice as much energy to produce

Socialism and Division Between the Public and the Private Domains Essay

Socialism and Division Between the Public and the Private Domains - Essay Example Countless dilemmas surfaced initially through socialism that was later replaced by the socio economic structures in the later years. Karl Marx explains that socialism can be attained through community effort and grassroots revolution forming a free enterprise that is referred as the Dictatorship of the proletariat. Hann (1993) states that the congregation of the anthropology and socialism can exhibit numerous dividends for the society and at the same time assist in helping to understand the term socialism. When one studies the issues created by ethnographic accounts of the era post communism one comes to comprehend the significance of studying history; as it assists in emphasizing and understanding such issues that surfaced since the end of Soviet Union and communist ascendancy in Eastern Europe. Prior to the formation of socialist societies the communal apartment was a common feature of everyday life that was devoid of any seclusion forcing distinct families to live together, sharing the domestic habitat. This fact practiced by the Soviet citizens has been elaborately highlighted by Gerasimova (2002) and Buchli explaining the alterations in the configurations of the private and public residents in the Soviet history as well as the correlation of their living spaces in prevailing housing schemes. The domestic duties lay in the hands of women alone while men were submissive to more technical work whether outside or inside the house. New social guidelines eradicated the private ownership of housing schemes thus giving rise to public spheres. The revolutionary Great Retreat in the 1930 brought main transformation, when the communal hierarchy resolutely recognized the cultured way of life and changed the boundaries between the private and public life. Besides Eastern Europe the People's Republic of China, the largest country in East Asia developed itself as a socialist state in 1949 while the Republic of Cuba, a country in the Caribbean witnessed the Cuban Revolution that led to the overthrow of the Dictator government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of July movement and other revolutionary organizationsin 1959, and was declared a socialist state in 1961. Foucault (1991) observes the concept of government practices and the role of criticism; that acts as an important element to bring about a change in approach and achievements as a result. He states that governmental activities whether at present or in the past records have been altered to be more realistic and sensible over the years declaring it as an inventive and cultured objective not an instinctive one. Various phenomenons occurred in the socialist and post socialist Eastern Europe as well as the capitalist West namely the privatization, the growth of the neo liberalism or the weakening of the welfare state which were later replaced by the socio economic structures. Each member of the society from the likes of bureaucrats and elites, to that of ordinary workers, and entrepreneurs and peasants faced individual issues as a result of such powerful revolutions. As accordingly

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Leadership - Essay Example Employee two can be suggested to hold some degree of coercive power. Since employee 2 is the only person who has the knowledge and expertise in drafting financial statements, he is in a position to exert some form of coercive influence. This is because such attributes are highly important for the company. It can be witnessed from the scenario that he has negotiated more leniency from his managers to work a much compressed week than others. Reward Power – this power base rests on the idea of getting rewarded for work performed. Employee 1 seems to be completely in the influence of reward power. He seems really dedicated in his work, comes in on weekends and sits late having the impression that in doing so he will be awarded bonuses and his long deserving holidays. Reward power is completely opposite of coercive power and is persuading an individual to fulfill the wishes of his superiors to get rewarded in return. Legitimate Power – This is a much broader term used in the context of power. Legitimacy of power is dependent on an individual’s structural position in an organization. Again in relation to the scenario, such power does not rest with any of the three employees. Such power can only be recognized with individuals holding positions such as CEO or President of a Bank or a Captain in Army. In context of the scenario none of the 3 concerned employees seem to command a legitimate power. In case of employee 2 and 3, legitimacy of power does not exists at all. Because neither have any position in the company which would create their legitimate power over others. Employee 1 has over 12 years of working experience, but has not reached a structural position to create his own legitimate power base. Apart from the three employees discussed above, there are two departmental managers mentioned in the case, who might be able to implement some sort of

Market plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market plan - Essay Example Thus, all in all, the Masafi Group has come up with a winner in the shape of the Masafi Natural Mineral Water. The Masafi Water Company is now trying to launch ABC aftershave company, for which they need to perform a step by step marketing plan, since it would assist them in knowing the need of this product, and assess it with respect to the environment in which the industry is thriving at this point in time. (Kerin, 2004) A market plan is basically an outline of the various environmental factors as well as the marketing dynamics that will be associated with the product, which is yet to be launched. (Larsen, 1997) It helps the organization to get an aerial view of the viability of the product idea that they have, with respect to the company itself, the target customers, the competitors present, the collaborators and the climate. The SWOT analysis also plays a vital role in telling the company about its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The market plan becomes further refined when portions for market segmentation, alternative marketing strategies and selected marketing strategy are added. (Luther, 2001) The Masafi group now plans to launch an aftershave company. Aftershaves are a health and beauty product and come under the sub-category of fragrances and perfumes. The aftershave market is quite saturated with many big perfume brands doing brand extensions into aftershaves, using their known and established brand names. Whether or not Masafi water should plan to invest their time, resources and energy in launching an aftershave company would be better decided if a marketing plan is made, and critically analyzed. (Stapleton, 1998) The marketing plan would consist of the following components: The SWOT analysis involves the analysis of the internal strengths and weaknesses of the company as well as the external opportunities and threats that the company is

What Accessories Say About People Essay Example for Free

What Accessories Say About People Essay â€Å"Our appearance can be an important factor in developing a sense of our identity†. Nowadays, appearances are everything, and the way you dress, the car you drive, and the phone you carry tell others a great deal about yourself. First of all, the clothes you put on and the hairstyle you have can reveal a lot about you. Our clothes and hairstyles say about you far more than you think since they tend to give a general idea about your beliefs, and a little bit about your taste in music. One example of the common clothing personalities is when a person wears colorful clothes, with peace signs printed all over them, and has dreadlocks, with maybe a short messy beard, then it is obvious that he is a hippie, and these people are usually vegetarians. Another example is when you see someone dressed in black from head to toe, with some body piercings and an extreme hairstyle, then this clearly indicates that this individual is into rock music, attends rock concerts, and might even be in a rock band himself. Also, when a man wears a suit and a tie, has a shaved face and a clean haircut, it tells us that he’s either a businessman or a manager. The outer appearance can also clothes, and have medium to long beards with a short mustache. Secondly, the car you drive reflects your financial and social status. Since cars prices range from low to extremely high, it basically covers most of the classes of society, so the kind of car you own shows where you stand in society. For example, businessmen and managers tend to ride in fancy black cars. Also, when a person drives a luxurious exotic car, it goes without saying that this person comes from a wealthy family, and might even hold a notable social status. Political figures like presidents and ambassadors drive their cars around in parades. And another example is mini cars drivers. Those people are usually not showy (unless the mini car is very expensive, like a mini cooper) and some of them are practical, since they get mini cars to reduce fuel consumption. More importantly, when you find the inside of the car disorganized with lots of paper and bottles lying everywhere while it is clean from the outside, then this clearly shows that its owner is all about the looks and only cares about showing off in front of others. Finally, cell phones. Cell phones nowadays are not just an accessory; they send major messages about you and your personality. A study was carried out by TalkTalk Mobile and examined 2,000 users of the currently top three devices to see if the chosen cell phone really is and extension to their personality. The results showed that iPhone users care more about their appearance and outer-image, and are more conceited than BlackBerry or Android users. iPhone users most likely work in media, retail, and they are the most active on social media sites. While BlackBerry users came in as the busiest group of the three, with the largest number of messages and emails sent, also they are more likely to have better relationships and better-paid jobs. They mostly work in health and finance. Android users on the other hand are better mannered than the other two, although they were found as the group to watch TV and drink alcohol the most. They tend to have jobs in engineering and the government. So overall, if you pay attention to those details in others like their clothes, cars and cell phones, you will get a general idea about them and their personality.

Issues Of Concreting In Hot Weather Construction Essay

Issues Of Concreting In Hot Weather Construction Essay It is important to take hot weather into consideration while building concrete projects because of its effects on the fresh and recently placed concrete. As of hot weather, the demand for water alone rises. This leads to rises water-cement ratio, and hence further leading to low potential strength. Also to be noted that higher temperatures gives rise to higher slump loss. Concrete cured at higher temperatures when compared with the concrete cured at ambient temperature, would not be as strong at the end of 28 days. It should be kept in mind that high temperatures, high velocity and low humidity can affect the quality of fresh concrete. The high rate of evaporation introduces early plastic shrinkage or drying shrinkage. Also the evaporation can remove the surface water which is necessary for hydration of the concrete unless proper curing methods are used. Rapid drops in the temperature introduce thermal cracks in the concrete structure. These occur when there are hot days followed by cool nights. High temperatures are largely responsible for cracking in massive concrete structures. Statement of purpose The main purpose for this report is to throw light on the problems arising during concreting in hot weather. And also to enumerate various methods via which the problems can be avoided to yield good throughput and quality for the concrete developed. Concreting in hot weather can produce adverse effects on the quality of concrete and structure of building for which it is to be used. So it is important to take into consideration hot weather when planning concrete projects. As the temperature of the freshly mixed concrete reaches 25 °C which is approximately 77  °F, it has adverse effects on the quality of concrete. Also to be kept in mind, that temperature above 32 °C i.e. 90 °F with lack of protected environment for concrete finishing and placement could lead to difficulty in producing quality concrete required. Among other problems, hot weather conditions can lead to rapid rate of evaporation. Problems and effects of concreting in hot weather From ACI Materials Journal : Impact of Extremely Hot Weather and Mixing Method on Changes in Properties of Ready Mixed Concrete during Delivery by Abdulaziz I. Al-Negheimish and Abdulrahman M. Alhozaimy Figure Nomograph The successful hot weather concretion can be done by assessing the factors which affect the quality and stability of concrete and then planning to minimize their affects. Hydration of concrete can be seen as an exothermic reaction, which means it generates heat and also the reaction rate is faster when the concrete is hot. The main concern we identify here is not the air temperature but the concrete temperature. When concrete settles, it sucks up water, which causes crystallization of particles around the aggregate particles. When the concrete is hot, the reaction rate is faster and hence crystals are formed rapidly, but they dont have time to grow strong. Initial strength might be high but the strength seen after 28 days suffers highly. It is seen that if the concretes temperature is higher by about 18 °C the compressive strength decreases by 10%.The other problem which arises while concreting during hot weathers is surface drying. There occurs more and more drying and surface lin kage if we have hot concrete, sun shining very hot and hot dry winds blowing. Also we should take into consideration the plastic shrinkage cracking caused in the hot weather. If outside temperature is very high i.e. the concrete is colder than the atmospheric temperature, the chances are that the water will be condensing on the surface rather than the surface drying out. There arises a major problem when the air is cooler than concrete. Contractors mainly aim to go for cooler concrete in hot weather. In this case too, hot weather can cause plastic shrinkage cracking, this case occurs then the concrete temperature is high and the humidity is low. In order to know,whether evaporation could pose a problem or not we use nomograph. By knowing air temperature, concrete temperature, wind velocity and relative humidity, we arrive at the rate of evaporation. Accordingly, if the rate is greater than 0.1 pounds per square foot per hour, shrinkage cracking is possible. Hot dry sub grades and frameworks may also lead to cracks by absorbing water from the mix. Heat and concrete are also challenged by thermal differentials. This means that one part of the concrete is warmer while the other part is colder. It is observed that if the differential is greater than somewhere around 20 °F, then cracks are likely to be formed. Effects on the characteristics of the concrete formed Setting time The setting time of the concrete decreases with the increase in the concrete temperature. This in turn gives us very less time to place compact and finish the concrete. Workability and slump Higher temperatures of the concrete reduce the workability of the concrete more rapidly with time. Addition of water to improve workability of the mixture decreases the strength and increases the permeability of the concrete. Compressive Strength High concrete temperature and high water requirement can lead to lower 28 day strength. In case more water is added so as to maintain workability, it leads us to higher water-cement ratio which results in loss of strength and durability. This increases the drying shrinkage of the hardened concrete. In the opposite case, if the water is not added the reduced setting time and lower workability increase the potential inappropriate compaction, this results in formation of cold joints and poor finishing. Concrete temperature From Concrete Journal (2001) Properties of Hot Weather Concrete and Countermeasures at Practice. During hot weather conditions, temperature rise in the concrete may happen due to heat of hydration. The development of thermal gradients may lead to thermal cracking in the concrete slab. Although at higher concrete temperature, the early strength is higher, its long term affects a low strength of the concrete, where as the concrete cured at lower temperature has higher strength. Its can be seen in the laboratory tests that the increased exposure to higher temperature directly affects the strength of the concrete after it has hardened. Poor surface appearance Increased rate of evaporation leads to drying and stiffening of the surface. Among the cases of flatwork, this can lead to premature finishing of the surface, trapping some amount of water within the mix. The compacter layer (from finishing) causes rise in the water to be trapped below the surface and hence deboning of the surface. There may occur colour differences on the surface due to different rates of hydration and cooling. Plastic Shrinkage Cracking From American Concrete Institute: Journal titled Plastic Shrinkage Cracking and Evaporation Formulae by Paul J. Uno. As discussed widely above, hot weather accelerates evaporation and loss in moisture from the surface. Plastic Shrinkage cracking occurs when the shrinkage stress exceeds tensile strength of the concrete. Plastic Shrinkage cracks formed may be quite deep because concrete has little capacity to resist shrinkage stress. Also the cracks continue to widen and form more and more cracks until the stress is relieved. It is also to be noted that a few times the Plastic Shrinkage Cracks reach to the free edges where unrestrained stress can occur. Thermal cracking From American Concrete Institute: Journal titled  Retempering of Prolonged-Mixed Concrete with Admixtures in Hot Weather by Dan Ravina. Concrete is exposed to thermal cracking when the concrete is initially placed and the interior of the concrete is exposed to heat rising from the settlement of the concrete and the heat of hydration. Rapid changes in the temperature on the surface of the concrete such as hot days followed by cool night leads to formation of temperature gradient. The warmer interior restrains the colder exterior, which wants to contract. If the differential of the temperature is large then thermal cracking may occur. The insulating effect is more in massive thick concrete, and hence they are more at risk towards the thermal cracking effect. Precautions or Rules to be followed for hot weather concretion From Science Direct : Journal titled Water evaporation from freshly placed concrete surfaces in hot weather by G.S. Hasanain, T.A. Khallaf and K. Mahmood. and From Concrete Journal (2001) Properties of Hot Weather Concrete and Countermeasures at Practice. Precautions should be taken to reduce the effects from high temperature against concreting. Use of water reducing, set retarding mixtures can help cutting the effects of high temperature concreting. In the cases where extreme heat conditions are unavoidable, chilled water or ice can be used as part of mixing water. Other methods such as sprinkling and shading the aggregate before mixing can also help lower the temperature of the concrete. Condition where theres low humidity and high winds, windbreaks and sunscreens or mist fogging can be used to avoid plastic shrinkage cracks in the slabs. Many of the following suggestions can be used depending on the atmospheric conditions and requirement type of the concrete to be formed: Concrete mixture designs can include set retarders, water reducers in order to gain lowest cement factor. Modification in the mixtures as appropriate i.e. changes in the composition percentages of retarders, moderate heat hydration cements, and Pozzolanic mixtures can be done to shield against hot weather concretion. Enough manpower can be employed so that as soon as the concrete is delivered, it is quickly placed, finished and cured. Mixing water and cool aggregates can be added to concrete mixture to reduce its initial temperature. Using a concrete consistency can allow rapid placement and consolidation. Sometimes in extreme conditions, we can adjust the time of concrete placement to take advantage of the time of the day when it is cooler i.e. early morning or night placement. Fogging the area above the concrete placement so as to raise the level of relative humidity can help satisfy the demand for moisture from the air. Rate of evaporation can be monitored using a nemograph which charts temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity. Covering of the placed slabs should be done with the damp sand beds rather than polythene sheets if barrier is required. When forms are removed, curing should be done to the newly exposed surfaces of the concrete. It should be noted that aliphatic alcohols are not a substitute for curing compounds and it is advised to not to used them. Aliphatic alcohols are used for initial screeding and finishing operations. Although aliphatic alcohols are compatible with most of the curing compounds, it is a good practise to check their compatibility in case the two products are purchased from different manufacturers. Another cut down can be done at the addition of water while at job site. Addition of water should only be done at the arrival only to adjust the slump. Later additions should be avoided. In no circumstances should the addition of water exceed 2 or 2.5 gallons per cubic yard. Water should never be added to concrete which is older than 1.5 hours. Finishing should be done as soon as the sheen has left the surface, this should be followed by immediate curing. Curing should be continued for 3 days and covering should be done to prevent evaporation or a liquid curing compound should be used. A very useful idea is to add white pigment to the covering liquid curing compound so that it reflects the heat away from the concrete surface. Moistening of sub grades, forms and reinforcement before it is placed. However it should be noted that standing water in such cases should be avoided. Field test cylinder should be protected by shading and preventing evaporation. Field curing boxes with ice may be used to maintain temperature of 60 °F -80 °F for the cylinders. Minimizing the effects of hot weather conditions Controlling the concrete temperature From Concrete Journal (2001) Properties of Hot Weather Concrete and Countermeasures at Practice. AS 1379 states requirement that temperature of the concrete at the time of delivery should be from 5 to 35 °C. In cases of higher ambient temperature, the supplier needs to take precautions to ensure that the concrete temperature is delivered is within the allowable range. There are a number of methods available to control the temperature of the concrete. This includes adjusting the temperature of the ingredients of the concrete mixture. It should be taken into consideration that since the aggregates constitute the bulk of the concrete and have the highest heat capacity, the effect the temperature of the freshly mixed concrete greatly. But the temperature of the aggregates is the most difficult task to control. The temperature of the cement doesnt affect much in this case as it has low specific heat and relatively small amount in the mixture. Liquid nitrogen can be injected into the concrete while mixing to lower the temperature. The latent thermal energy of the gas cools the mixtu re drastically. Although this process is economical only on major projects involving vast amounts of concrete for construction. Admixtures From Science Direct : Journal titled Water evaporation from freshly placed concrete surfaces in hot weather by G.S. Hasanain, T.A. Khallaf and K. Mahmood. Various types of admixtures can help lower the temperature and also reduce the evaporation from the surface. Water reducers can be used to decrease the amount of water required to bring concrete to a workable condition. Set retarders delay the amount of time required for setting of the concrete and hence increase the strength of the material. Although set retarders should be used with caution as rapid dry of surface is occurring at the same time. This can lead to finishing of the surface while below it is still spongy due to the set retarders. Thos can lead to non-uniformity on the surface. Cement type From Concrete Journal (2001) Properties of Hot Weather Concrete and Countermeasures at Practice. There can also occur additional benefits while choosing the type of cement. For example using slower hydration cements such as type LH with lower heat development rate can give extra time for placing and finishing. This also reduces concrete temperature and risk of thermal cracking upon cooling of the concrete. Cement content From Concrete Journal (2001) Properties of Hot Weather Concrete and Countermeasures at Practice. The temperature increase due to hydration of cement in a given concrete is directly proportional to its cement content. Therefore we should choose cement content depending upon our requirement of strength and durability. Conclusion Since hot weather concreting involves various challenges to be faced by the project supervisor as well as the workers. Proper pre-planning and organisation of the project can lead to good formation of concrete with good durability and strength. Successful placing and finishing producing high quality concrete can be done at 35 °C. A must use of nemograph should be done to monitor the rate of evaporation so that appropriate resources and measure could be taken depending on the rate of evaporation. No doubt Hot weather poses great difficulties for concreting but development of new technologies, techniques and compounds can further reduce the adverse effects.

The Hilton Hotel And Resorts | Marketing Mix

The Hilton Hotel And Resorts | Marketing Mix According to Philip Kotler marketing strategies are the combinations of all important marketing goals into a comprehensive plans, it should be from marketing research and its centre of attention should be right marketing mix to achieve maximum profit and sustainability for the organisation. Hilton Hotel and resorts is a Hospitality industry founded by Conard Hilton in 1919 in Cisco, Texas (U.S) and has 540 hotels worldwide. Its first brand was opened in Business travel and leisure travel are the two marketing emphasis the company is focusing on. Hilton Hotel and Resorts are mostly located in city centres, near airports etc for the easy access for the customers. This assignment is on Hilton Hotel (HHonours) near Heathrow Airport; with in Heathrow area it has three branches. Easy access from all terminals Heathrow central and terminal 5. It has partnership with different airlines and car rental companies. It just 6 minutes walk away from T4 and 10 minutes away by courtesy shuttle bus from T5. Hilton London Heathrow Airport hotel Exterior (http://www3.hilton.com/en/hotels/united-kingdom/hilton-london-heathrow-airport-LHRAPTW/index.html) Marketing: Marketing in Hospitality industry is one of the main elements to increase profits and success of the business and it is playing very important role in hospitality. It helps the organisation to get success through understand their customers, what they want, their needs; priorities and demand from the organisation and what are their expectation level from customer service point of view, leisure and infrastructure etc. It is really easy these days through internet. The organisation can also put surveys on internet, blogs, websites, social media, etc. For example Hilton hotel is available on face book where anyone can like, comment and post their views and also customers can check their updates, offers etc. http://xzamcorp.com/quality-blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Facebook-Hilton-Hotels-Resorts.jpg (https://www.facebook.com/hilton) Marketing Mix Marketing mix is a mixture of four fundamentals product, price, place and promotion. That actions used to satisfy the wants of an organisations target market and at the same time achieve its marketing objectives. (Stanton) 1994. http://www.marketingteacher.com/image/content/mmix.gif Product- this feature of marketing mix is including planning, developing and producing the right category of products and services in the market by an organisation. In short words what is the quality of the product, size of the product? How is it looks like, design of the product, value of the product, about packaging, testing and range etc? Product of Hilton Price- To fix a right price of product is a most difficult task. Price of the product should be reasonable and affordable so organisation can sell their product easily and successfully in the market. There are lots of steps between set the right price for example: determination of unit price of the product, pricing policies and strategies, discounts, credits, cost, terms of delivery, payment, competitive price credit policy etc. Price of Hilton hotel Place- It is called distribution channels, storage and warehousing, coverage channel, inventory management, selection channel, distribution logistics etc. Management of organisation is responsible to choose and deal with distribution channels so customers can get the product at right place at right time. They should develop physical distribution. Wholesalers and retailers are most important channels which are used for physical distribution of goods. Place for Hilton hotel Promotion- the fourth p is promotion it does include determination about direct marketing, sales promotion, advertisements, publicity, exhibitions, public relations activity etc. Most important tools are advertisements and sales promotion which are used to promote the sale of products of organisations. Promotional activities are free distribution of sample of product, contests etc. These types of tools are expressive which does help to beat the competition in the market to organisation. Advertisements are used to communicate and pass the information to customers and consumers about the features of product through television, internet, newspapers and magazines, radio, billboards, banners and posters etc. Limitations Doing advertisements or promotion is expensive tool but there is lots of advertisements on the television and internet so people can get fed up thats why mostly people ignore the advertisements on television they just skip the channels when the advertisements comes in front of them. Some people do not read the advertisements on newspapers and magazines. Promotion about Hilton Branding- branding is a unique name and identity of the company. It is a procedure of mark and stamp to the product with identify look, design and logo etc. So customers and consumers can get idea about the features of product from the name, look, logo, mark and design. Brand name or design should be attractive, which can attract to the customers. From brand name customers can recognise the product. When they give a symbol or name to the product organisation should always keep in mind there is lots of competitor in the market. Brand should be like that which is no one can copy it easily. Customer loyalty- it is about to encourage the customer, attract towards brand, buy the product often and in extra amount. It is about satisfaction level of customers, confidence, and their needs and wants. Organisation should build relationship with customers using e-market via email, messaging on mobile phones, so customers can stay keep in touch with them. Organisation should give points to the customers on loyalty cards. They should show to customers to care for them what are their choices and what they do not want. Network and customer relationships marketing strategies- Marketing take place in public relationship. For an organisation should have good and strong relation with society to fight the competition in the market. They should build strong network into the market with stakeholders. Now a days every organisation have customer care department to sort out the problems of customers and they have call centres as well as they have online customer care facility via internet so customers can call them or email them regarding their problems. In an organisation network and customer relationship is how does effective staff deals with customers and employers with employees. Hilton Hotel company appreciates the value of its staff and uses internal marketing to retain them and make them feel valued. At the Hilton organisation management realises that the companys team member added value and quality to the business. In fact it is the people working for the organisation that makes the Hilton hotels corporation such an international success. A hotel is an actual physical product, but a lot of the experience of visiting a hotel relates to the service offered by its staff to the customers. At Hilton hotel organisation management realises that staff treat customers with about same degree of respect as they themselves are treated by their employers. If staff are not treated and valued well they in turn will not respect or treat customers very well. Obviously this is very bad for an organisation..The Hilton hotel corporation invests a lot of time and money in its staff. It takes training and staff development very seriously. It involves staff in all aspects of it s marketing plans and strategy so that everyone knows what is going on and how they make contribution. Organisation gives rewards to its staff for effort with awards and promotion. It includes its staff by allowing them access to extranet which is also share with its business partners. Management offers a comprehensive befits packages to its staff, including: medical, dental and vision care coverage, life accident and disability insurance, the Hilton stock purchase plan, the flexible work arrangement. Other benefits including vacation and holiday pay plus and special privileges when staff stays at Hilton hotels. At the Hilton group management really try to retain good staff and do everything possible to make working for the Hilton hotel organisation rewarding and satisfying experience. Marketing communication activities and strategies-marketing communication is a way which is used by an organisation to change the behaviour of stakeholders towards product. They present to product into the market in such way, people can get information about the product from designing, promotion, exhibitions, advertisements, newspapers, magazines, mobile phone marketing etc. Marketing communication can be develop by direct marketing and indirect marketing. Personal selling, sales promotion, advertising, public relations these are all marketing communication. Those all tools are used for communication about product, which tells to public about the features of product. Organisation use marketing communication to achieve the market objectives and target sales. Communication is messages between one person to other person and in marketing it is between seller and buyer. E-marketing- e-marketing is an internet marketing, which is also called as an online marketing, web-marketing. Now a days every organisation use electronic technology for advertisements to gain the objectives. Technology plays a vital role for an organisation such computer based technology. Organisation create their websites, they send information about products online. Internet offers unique opportunities for organisation and customers to communicate with each others. It is a good way to build relationship with each other. Companies do promotion by direct email, advertisements on internet, by text messaging on mobile phones as well. People can know about the organisations and their manufactured goods to visit on their websites through internet. Organisation can do advertisements through social media for example: face book, twitter etc. On other hand some people do not trust on online information. These types of people prefer to go to the organisation personally so they can get information about the product from someone face to face. Guerrilla marketing activities and strategies- this type of strategy is a weapon for marketers and it is not very expensive it is low cost strategy. Guerrilla marketing is a unusual methods of promotion. This type of marketing does not focus on sales just focus profits, on primary success. It does expect highest results from minimum resources. But sometimes these methods of marketing represent the false image of brand, which is not good to get success for an organisation and survive for long time in the future. Viral marketing- it is blog marketing, forum marketing, email marketing and article marketing. This type of marketing is passed from one person to another person for example messengers are used for viral marketing. Social media is the best way for viral marketing. Public relationship strategies:-Public relation strategies are one of the promotional Mix (advertisement, personal selling, sales promotion, corporate image and Exhibition). According to Bill bernbach:- People cant believe you if they dont know what you are saying and they cant know what you are saying if they dont listen to you, and they wont listen to you if youre not interesting. Any news, planning, presentation, job advertisement etc organisation wants to give to public and any feedback organisation want from public different media such as speaker opportunities (conferences, seminars, public forums), trade show support (press appointments, private demos), public launch, magazines, newspaper, (articles, report), TV, internet, PR blogs (such as face book, twitter, online Pr) etc. Public relationship is a relationship of sharing information relation to organisation not only between organisation and customers; it is also with employees, staff, consumers, general public, competitors etc. Public relation plays a vital role and its essential to make public aware and up-to-date about new policies, procedures, jobs, vacancies etc. Marketing and marketing communication theory Conceptual frameworks Recommend marketing and customer loyalty strategies that would secure and/or enhance the organisation competitive advantage.

Maintaining Healthy Relationships Essay -- Gender Studies Marriage Rel

Healthy Relationships Both partners should feel safe to share their thoughts without feeling that their partner will judge them. They should be able to communicate with one another without having any fear of judgement or ridicule. They should also help build their partners self-esteem and make them feel good about themselves regardless of the situation. They shall embrace one another and respect each other. In order for the couple to maintain a healthy and successful relationship, the couple should nurture open and honest communication, encourage the expression of feelings, and build self-esteem amongst each other. Communication is a significant component in a healthy and successful relationship. The three main successful parts to communication is verbal communication, physical communication, and mental communication. Verbal communication is the ability to carry out a successful conversation without any interruptions. For instance, when a couple argues, it should be over a justifiable reason and not over something minute. If the couple argues over little things that should have been resolved before the conversation even occurred, then their relationship will soon collapse or lead to greater difficulties in the future. Physical communication is the physical contact needed to nourish the partners needs. For example, if the wife comes home from work and is feeling stressed out or had a bad day, the husband should be there to comfort her. Giving comfort to your partner will let them know that you are concerned about their situation. Mental communication is the ability to connect with your partner on a mental basis and be able to notice what irritates them. For example, if the husband is doing something the wife does not lik... ...tinue losing the weight. Complimenting one another makes a relationship stronger. Healthy relationships tend to last long and are enjoyable for both partners involved. These factors which were communication, expression of feelings and building self-esteem that have been mentioned above were key aspects to building a healthier and successful relationship. If one of the partners does not include these factors into their relationship, then there will be nothing to hold it together. Both partners have to be willing to consider these ideas and have an open mind towards every situation. These matters will also improve a rocky relationship, if implied into a current relationship. They should treat the partner the way that they would want to be treated. If all are within a relationship then the couple should have no problem getting along and living a delightful life.

Nationalists :: essays papers

Nationalists The extent to which Nationalists should pursue their goals is a complex issue. The possible changes as well as the losses must be weighed. There is a myriad of complex issues surrounding the situation. Without Nationalists making changes, Italy would not be unified, Apartheid would still exist in South Africa, and many other changes would not have occurred on this planet. I believe that Nationalists should try to solve their problems and get what they want without using violence as a tool. Guseppe Mazzini was a major factor in the unification of Italy. He started his fight for unity with non-violent means. He tried wearing black clothing to mourn the persecuted, and he attempted to educate the people about the dangers of foreign rule in Italy. Gradually however he escalated to more violent means of getting his way. He stirred feelings of Nationalism, brotherhood and religion. In 1848 he started a revolution in Rome. The Pope was forced to flee the city, and Mazzini established a Roman Republic. The entire republic was built upon the one-time rage of the masses. Mazzini simply stirred the emotions of the people, but they didn't really feel that strongly about it. The population of Rome didn't care enough to fight for the retention of the city. The French were easily able to re-take the city, and return it to the Pope. Mahatma Gandhi represents the other side of the spectrum, throughout his life he used only non-violent means to get what he wanted. His main goal was to get Moslems and Hindus to live peacefully together. He was quoted as saying "All religions are almost as dear to me as my Hinduism". One instance of his attempts to use non-violent means to accomplish his goal was his two hundred and thirty-kilometer march to the ocean in order to extract salt illegally. This was in protest of Britain's salt monopoly in India. Other non-violent acts that he used as tools to persuade the government to listen to his goals were his six to twenty-one day fasts. At one time Gandhi used a fast to force his release from prison. The prison would have been held responsible for his death and would have major pressure put on it to close down. Gandhi had become such a hero to the population that, if the government allowed

Qualifications of a Hero Essay

â€Å"With great power there must also come great responsibility.† These words from Peter Parker’s uncle, along with spiders attributes, allow Peter to defeat the Green Goblin and successfully to become the hero of the story, Spiderman. Traditionally, characters who carry attributes such as strength and distinguished super-natural powers/abilities and are successful in the end are automatically known as the heroes of the stories. However, what requirements does a character literally need to be an absolute hero? In most novels today, heroes do not often hold such traditional qualities. Many have to put in effort, and pay the price to undergo this honour. In some instances, they may not even be appreciated as the heroes. Within those novels, we can identify that heroes are frequently victims of the society, victims of the immediate envies of others, which eventually lead to hostilities and cause crisis, and victims of their own isolation. These roles of heroes are apparent inside the texts of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. First of all, in many cases, the heroes play roles of being victims of the society. Surviving under undesirable lifestyles causes people to suffer. They may even face harassment. When enduring in places where their different attributes are obvious to the public and yet they stand out the most, that is when people around start to harass and make fun of them. The theory of harassment as a victim of a society can be seen in Of Mice and Men: â€Å"Curley stared levelly at him. ‘Well, nex’ time you answer when you’re spoke to.’ He turned toward the door and walked out, and his elbows were still bent out a little† (Steinbeck 26). As a small sized but hot-tempered boxer, Curley only likes little guys because they are who he can easily overpower. However, insecure of his size and is over-protective of his wife, Curley hates the big guys and is eager to fight anyone he perceives as a threat to his self-image. Since he is the son of the boss for whom George and Lennie work, Lennie has no choice but to stay in this terrifying situation. Noticing â€Å"His (Curley’s) elbows were still bent out a little,† proves that Lennie unwittingly incurs Curley’s antagonism as well as harassment simply because of his size. A similar case is shown in â€Å"Brave New World†. Although John leaves the London  Hatchery and settles in a deserted area where only imperfect live exists, the world he is grown to live in is filled with hopelessness and yet the brave New World will stay permanent. As a result, the Savage plans to purify himself and to escape further contamination by the filth of civilized life. â€Å"†¦were astonished to see a young man standing outside the abandoned lighthouse stripped to the waist and hitting himself with a whip of knotted cords. His back was horizontally streaked with crimson, and from weal to weal ran thin trickles of blood† (Huxley 226). This passage clearly demonstrates that he cleanses himself, due to the erroneous community he lives in, by carrying out a traditional Reservation religious ceremony (the whipping). Unlike Lennie, who is innocently harassed by other, John wishes to initiate self-flagellate in order for him to call on the God for forgivenes s for his lust for Lenina and lack of concern for Linda’s death. In both situations, due to a hero’s act of being a victim of the society, he must undergo some sort of harassment. Based on these facts, one can conclude that heroes can still be victims of a society, despite that they have done nothing wrong. Other than being harassed, victims of society can also be controlled by others, which mainly results from having no options at all. In Brave New World, this concept is illustrated: † ‘And that,’ put in the Director sententiously, ‘that is the secret of happiness and virtue– liking what you’ve got to do. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their inescapable social destiny’ † (Huxley 13). Obviously, after genetic engineering, Huxley suggests that social conditioning is the most important way for the government to enslave its people. Since the brave New World holds different classes of people, from Alphas to Epsilons, those different caste members are conditioned never to yea rn for a life other than their own. In other words, this is a major instrument for social stability which holds control of everyone within its society, including the heroes. The following scene from Of Mice and Men is another example of victims under control by others, which explains George’s restriction on his mentally handicapped friend. † ‘Lennie, for God’ sakes don’t drink so much.’ Lennie continued to snort into the pool. The small man leaned over and shook him by the shoulder. ‘Lennie. You gonna be sick like you was last night.’†¦ He threw a scoop of water into his face and rubbed it about with his hand, under his chin and around the back of his neck. Then he replaced his hat,  pushed himself back from the river, drew up his embraced them. Lennie, who had been watching, imitated George exactly† (Steinbeck 3, 4). Here, it is obvious as to who is in charge between the two as Lennie carefully obeys George and imitates his actions at the riverbank. It is proven that because Lennie’s mind is not as bright, George simply takes this advantage and holds power over Lennie in their soci ety. Both circumstances in Brave New World and Of Mice and Men show how one can easily dominate others, leaving them no options at all. However, heroes do not necessarily suffer in a bad way when surviving under undesirable lifestyles. Indeed, they dream. They dream about their future, waiting for advancements on the current conditions. In some way, their dreams allow the heroes to dodge from reality as their depression and problems momentarily vanish. The third chapter of Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men shows this concept of dreaming about conditions improving through this passage: † ‘All kin’s a vegetables in the garden, and if we want a little whisky we can sell a few eggs or something, or some milk. We’d jus’ live there. We’d belong there. There wouldn’t be no more runnin’ round the country and gettin’ fed by a Jap cook. No, sir, we’d have our own place where we belonged and not sleep in no bunk house’ † (Steinbeck 57). At this point, Steinbeck clearly shows that both George and Lennie do not live in a pleasing lifestyle and both aspire to obtain a piece of land to live off. This proves that during the time the story is set, life can be very strenuous but dreams can effectively be use to repel despair. The idea of this quote links directly to the following quote, spoken by Bernard in the book Brave New World. â€Å"In a different key, ‘How can I?’ he repeated meditatively. ‘No, the real problem is: How is it that I can’t, or rather – because, after all, I know quite well why I can’t-what would it be like if I could, if I were free – not enslaved by my conditioning’ † (Huxley 81). Bernard’s hatred for the society, which he is forced to live in, is resulted from the fact he cannot interact emotionally or physically to the community. Everyday in his life, he is treated with inhospitality and is obligated to work for something he hates the most. Therefore, sometimes during his loneliness, he will dream about himself being untangled from the brave New World he is born to live in. Unlike George and Lennie, Bernard is not able to allow his sadness fade away as he is hoping for a better future. Instead, he is even more enraged, speaking in an angered tone. From these two  examples, it is obvious that a hero can be influenced by the society negatively, but still dreams for a better life. From all the above arguments, one can clearly realize the statement that victims of the society, whether enduring harassment of some sort, under control by others, or even dreaming about conditions improving, are often the heroes. Secondly, it is the immediate envies from others which may cause the heroes to be dragged into crisis. This takes place when a figure(s) in the story is jealous about what another has, not necessarily high-quality items such as gold or money, but whatever he does not have. Huxley displays this idea of one envying another in Chapter 12 of his book: â€Å"So cordially indeed that Bernard felt a sharp pang of jealousy. In all these weeks he had never come to so close an intimacy with the Savage as Helmholtz immediately achieved. Watching them, listening to their talk, he found himself sometimes resentfully wishing that he had never brought them together† (Huxley 165). Basically, Helmholtz and the Savage are experiencing the same emotion of feeling not part of the society. In addition, they both enjoy poetic literature, which is what they are sharing together. In some way, their sharing of poems allows them to hide from reality as their depression and problems temporarily vanish. However, Bernard, whose knowledge is negligible in terms of literature, envies John and Helmholtz for their happiness. After attempting to jump in and break apart their conversations, Bernard is not too successful and feels like the odd man out, while also being jealous that his two friends like each other more than they like him. In Of Mice and Men, Crooks is fascinated by the strength of the friendship of Lennie and George, but also envies their relationship, by saying † ‘Well, s’pose, jus’ s’pose he don’t come back. What’ll you do then’ † (Steinbeck 72)? Crooks asks these questions because he does not have any friends, and does not know how losing them unexpectedly will feel. Noticing that Lennie is stupid, he takes advantage of this situation to torture him mentally, which makes himself feel better and ease the pain of having others rejecting him. His face lights with pleasure at his torturing to Lennie against the friendship that Lennie has. That is to say, something that Crooks will never have. Thus, he wants other people to suffer the way that he does, of being completely alone. Apparently it is mostly the figure who envies others who must suffer,  while the target do not necessarily get harmed. Additionally, people who are envious of others set goal(s) for themselves. However, due to the fact that they cannot obtain such objective(s), they begin to look at what others have and envying occurs. In Brave New World, John hates the way that brave New World runs, hoping to twists its perspective back to the old world. He states â€Å"But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want s in† (Huxley 219). Here in Chapter 17 of the book, the Savage explains the old world reasoning by asserting that true life requires exposure to all things, good and evil. The unsuccessful Savage envies the Reservation Areas, where imperfect livings still exist, even though he is having a much better life in the New World. In Steinbeck’s novel, wanting the unattainable is also shown. From the outset of the story, Steinbeck makes the failure of George and Lennie’s dream inevitable. Finally, the tragedy of the ending is heightened by the fact that they never realize what just might have been possible. The first indications of this failure are revealed when Lennie’s mental deficiencies are demonstrated – he is both amoral and forgetful. When he is handling the dead mouse he cannot appreciate that doing so is wrong. â€Å"I wasn’t doing nothing bad with it† (Steinbeck 9). Lennie cannot distinguish between right and wrong, which seriously challenges the success of th eir dream. We are given more doubts when we learn of Lennie’s actions in Weed. â€Å"You ain’t gonna do no bad things like you done in Weed† (Steinbeck 7). When George says this he is almost tempting fate, and when Curley’s wife is introduced, their dream heads off the track. Considering what Lennie did in Weed, Curley’s wife was a major threat; she was a problem just waiting to be occurred. Throughout the book, Steinbeck develops the idea of the dream’s inevitable destruction. Steinbeck has clearly emphasised the fact that the dream was never going to happen. In both instances, the heroes are hoping to reach one goal which indeed is not reachable. Frequently, it is because of these unattainable objectives that give the heroes disappointments. In Huxley’s Brave New World, however, it is the hero’s dissatisfaction of his society that leads him to setting an unreachable goal. John states â€Å"Linda had been a slave, Linda had died; others should live in freedom, and the world be made beautiful. A reparation, a duty. And suddenly it was luminously clear to the Savage what he must do; it was as though a shutter  had been opened, a curtain drawn back† (Huxley 192). Here, John realizes that something has to be fulfilled to modify this erroneous society, or the brave New World. As of the day when John and his mother come to the London Hatchery Centre, Linda is feeling unwell. Although she is given somas to keep her in â€Å"holiday†, John believes that somas are poisonous while also enslave the public. It is at this point that the Savage notices his reason for coming to this strange world: he will make it free. Conversely, George in Of Mice and Men is disappointed with his companion Lennie, who in fact, is one of the toughest barriers of reaching their dream of owning a farm. From the quote † ‘God, you’re a lot of trouble,’ said George. ‘I could get along so easy and so nice if I didn’t have you on my tail. I could live so easy and maybe have a girl’ â€Å"(Steinbeck 7), we become aware that George is reluctant to carry Lennie around. However, he has to bear with this responsibility due to the death of Lennie’s Aunt Clara. Although they both want a better life and put in the effort to attain this goal, they never seem to be very successful. Ultimately, it is Lennie whom George blames for their failure. Whether it is the hero’s disappointment that leads to setting an unattainable goal or it is the unreachable goal which leads to his disappointment, these two examples show that one will still suffer with distress of dissatisfaction to some degree. Certainly jealousy of others, wanting the unattainable and undergoing disappointment are the results of immediate envies from others. Frequently the heroes, victims of isolation are such roles. They feel differently about themselves compared to the public and therefore, the act of setting themselves apart from others takes place. To begin with, the decrease of self-confidence of the heroes, due to a number of reasons, is one of the main causes that eventually lead to self-banishment, or one’s isolation. The friendship between John, Helmholtz and Bernard in Chapter 12 of Brave New World shows this concept of self-confidence diminishing: â€Å"He was revenging himself on his two friends for liking one another more than they liked him. In the course of their next two or three meetings he frequently repeated this little act of vengeance. It was simple and, since both Helmholtz and the Savage were dreadfully pained by the shattering and defilement of a favourite poetic crystal, extremely effective. In the end,  Helmholtz threatened to kick him out of the room if he dared to interrupt again† (Huxley 166). Although John and Helmholtz experience depression, both enjoy sharing their unique poetic ideas together. By doing so, their sadness towards the society gradually evaporates. Bernard, however, is the odd man out and is very regretful of bringing them two together. Perhaps he is jealous of the friendship he creates. It is what John and Helmholtz have in common, which Bernard does not, that tightly bonds their relationship while Bernard is left out. As his two companions like each other more than they like him, his self-confidence decreases and envying starts to occur. In addition, Bernard believes that he cannot correspond to John because John is more desirable and knows more than he does. Ultimately, this odious sentiment keeps returning to Bernard as Helmholtz and John continue to share their thoughts and even threaten to boot Bernard out if he interrupts again. As a result, the friendless Bernard cannot relate to his only friends and loses his self-confidence significantly. The concept of one’s isolation that results from low self-confidence of a hero decreasing also appears in Of Mice and Men. From the quotes â€Å"He kept his distance and demanded that other people keep theirs. His body was bent over to the left by his crooked spine, and his eyes lay deep in his head, and because of their depth seemed to glitter with intensity. His lean face was lined with deep black wrinkles, and he had thin, pain-tightened lips which were lighter than his face† (Steinbeck 67) and † ‘why ain’t you wanted?’ Lennie asked. †Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all of you stink to me’ † (Steinbeck 68), we can identify the fact that Crooks’s self-confidence reduces only because of his physical appearance and attributes. Since this book takes place during the 1930’s and discrimination, sadly, still exists, this Negro experiences isolation because of racism. It is this that the other farmhands believe that it is necessary not to allow, as it seems a privilege in their minds, Crooks to live with them. Furthermore, his separation from others causes his severe loneliness spending his nights reading and his days alone in the barn working on the horses. He is treated as an outcast and underling and is forced to find friendship in the only thing assessable, the books he reads. Crooks’s distance from others eventually causes his downfall, and his downfall also stretches their bonding. From the two circumstances, we can  conclude that one’s judgements are usually base on his physical looks, instead of one’s true behaviours and characteristics. This is a reason why many characters in a story, including heroes, frequently lose their self-confidence which eventually leads to self-banishment of themselves. Moreover, it is because of these reductions in terms of heroes’ self-confidence that causes their withdrawal from a society. Without confidence, they are afraid to be harassed and teased, and are too weak to face the public, resulting isolation in personal. This idea of withdrawing from a society is demonstrated here by Huxley in Chapter 11, stating † ‘But I do,’ he insisted. ‘It makes me feel as though †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ he hesitated, searching for words with which to express himself, ‘as though I were more me, if you see what I mean. More on my own, not so completely a part of something else. Not just a cell in the social body’ † (Huxley 81). The Top Ten Controllers in Brave New World initiate Bernard’s hatred on his society, due to the ways on how the society runs. This links to Bernard’s downfall. The policies of the brave New World, such as to insert alcoholic materials into Gammas’ blood surrogate, indirectly cause Bernard’s downfall. In addition, sleep-teaching hypnosis makes people (in the society) to automatically associate heights with caste levels, thus making it more difficult for others to respect Bernard, who indeed, is an Alpha. Base on this quote, Berna rd wishes to look at the ocean, peacefully, and enjoy it. We can identify that Bernard always wishes to be by himself and extract from the society, instead of being part of the social group. However, his ability may not allow this dream to come true. The concept of withdrawing from the society also takes place in the novel Of Mice and Men, shown in this quote: † ‘S’pose you didn’t have nobody. S’pose you couldn’t go into the bunk house and play rummy ’cause you was black. How’d you like that’ † (Steinbeck 72). From this, one can identify why Crooks is withdrawing from his society. This black handicap has a strong difference from the rest of the crew, as he must live in a separate room from the rest of the workers. No one in the novel ever feels any sort of empathy or even tries to comprehend what Crooks is saying. This is Steinbeck’s mechanism for displaying Crooks’s isolation from the public. For Crooks, he has never been treated well by any of his co-workers because he is black. In addition, Crooks also does not know how to relate and function normally anymore because of how his loneliness has  effected him. Loneliness has made Crooks a very bitter individual, while he is truly not able to leave this situation because of his race during the entire novel. Proven in both instances, characters are frequently born with imperfections, depending on their society, leading to their extraction from the public and causes isolation. For this reason, victims of one’s isolation experience loneliness as well. In a way, everyone needs someone to talk to, whether it is a family member, a friend, or even a pet, as a source of comfort and wealth for the person. Yet most heroes never seem to behave in such a way. This belief of one feeling lonely can be displayed within this passage: â€Å"From Guildford the down-line followed the Wey valley to Godalming, then, over Milford and Witley, proceeded to Haslemere and on through Petersfield towards Portsmouth. Roughly parallel to it, the upline passed over Worplesden, Tongham, Puttenham, Elstead and Grayshott. Between the Hog’s Back and Hindhead there were points where the two lines were not more than six or seven kilometres apart. The distance was too small for careless flyers-particularly at night and when they had taken half a gramme too much. There had been accidents. Serious ones. It had been decided to deflect the upline a few kilometres to the west. Between Grayshott and Tongham four abandoned air-lighthouses marked the course of the old Portsmouth-to-London road. The skies above them were silent and deserted. It was over Selborne, Bordon and Farnham that the helicopters now ceaselessly hummed and roared. The Savage had chosen as his hermitage the old light-house which stood on the crest of the hill between Puttenham and Elstead† (Huxley 222). Here, Huxley thoroughly explains the fact that John wishes to escape from the London Hatchery Centre as far as possible. He has decided to isolate himself from the society and to live away with pain and loneliness, due to his opposition in terms of the brave New World’s principles. George in Of Mice and Men also demonstrates the concept for a hero being lonely: † ‘I ain’t got no people. I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone. That ain’t no good. They don’t have no fun. After a long time they get mean. They get wantin’ to fight all the time†¦ ‘Course Lennie’s a God damn nuisance most of the time, but you get used to goin’ around with a guy an’ you can’t get rid of him’ † (Steinbeck 41). Clearly, George proclaims his view on loneliness to give a reason for his connection with Lennie. This connection George has with Lennie makes the two of them unique to the rest of the  characters. Many of the men on the ranch have a dream, but only Lennie and George have a chance of obtaining it. Essentially, John Steinbeck wants to show that although George and Lennie have the advantage of being a team, they will never accomplish it because all human beings are in essence, alone. Thus, George’s constant playing of the game of solitaire, â€Å"cutting the cards again and put out a solitaire lay† (Steinbeck 28) foreshadows his eventual decision to become a solitary man. Within these two occurrences, one can realize that heroes are affected by the society, which brings them loneliness and isolation. Based on the above examples, it is proven that heroes self-banish because of their weak self-confidence, which ultimately leads to withdrawal from society and subsequent loneliness. We learn from Brave New World and Of Mice and Men that being an absolute hero requires not only traditional skills and abilities, but also being able to withstand great hardships. In both novels, the heroes had to endure being victims of their societies, victims of envy from others, and victims of their own isolations. Despite them undergoing many difficulties in the stories, Bernard and Crooks are not the heroes because neither of them follows the hero monomyth structure. Yet to some extent, they were neither able to escape nor did they survive. Although based on the script, John, for example, left the London Hatchery and decided to live in a deserted area where only imperfect live exists. However, deep down in John’s mind, he knew that the world would never experience the same freedom he is grown to love. In spite of everything, he is trapped by the hands of the controllers of the brave New World. Similar to John, Lennie is forever locked in his mentally handicapped mind and be tricked and betrayed by his best companion, George. As heroes tend not to have successful conclusions, why will anyone choose to be honoured with such positions? If you are required to carry out non-traditional-qualities and/or hardships throughout a story, are you willing to be a hero when given an opportunity?

Paper Camp

medicate ADDICTION AS A PROBLEM-DETERMINED governing body A CASE STUDY entrance medicate dependence faces to be a rapidly growing societal line that leaves many lives destroyed in its wake. Families ar ripped a initiate by its devastating restore, and myriad dose addicts be unable to sluttish themselves from the powerful grip of dose dependance and consequently pay with their lives. According to Edmonds and Wilcocks (1995), do do drugss dependency is a very realistic line of pull in in South Africa. It affects mountain from apiece(prenominal) walks of life and depose no longer be considered a localize problem.Jackson, Usher and OBrien (2006) found that the be intimate of having a family member that is addicted to drugs, curiously a child, had a unsounded strength on other members of the speedy family as well as on the family social intercourseships. pantryman and Bauld (2005) highlighted the devastation p atomic number 18nts go through with(predicate) in larn that their child was addicted to drugs and the subsequent impact that this had on their lives. Grohsman (2007) argues that the impact of drug dependance goes beyond the individual and the family, as the ripples in that respectfrom can also be tangle in the larger union and economy.Therefore, it regainms that parents, families, t to each oneers, community and church leaders, healthcare professionals, law en lungement agencies, brass and society at large, have a tremendous task ahead in the prevention and treatment of drug smear throughout the country. Just like a tree bears fruit when conditions are best for such an occurrence to take place, the problem of drug dependency is also simulated to develop within the mise en scene of a constitution of relatedness that put forth on the nose the right ingredients for its emergence.Therefore, as the 3 inquiry worker, I set out to explore the peculiar(a)(prenominal) interactions betwixt role players that created a suited environment for the problem of drug colony to emerge. As human beings, we are societal creatures and thus our life experiences are necessarily tied up in the experiences of others. whatsoever attempt to understand a bug outicular individual has to include those that form part of that individuals ecology of living Statement of the problem ? Drop in attendance and performance at work or school. Engaging in unaired or suspicious behaviors. ? fast reposition in friends, favorite hangouts, and hobbies. ? Unexplained change over in personalizedity or attitude. ? Sudden mood swings, irritability, or angry outbursts. ? Periods of curious hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness. ? To built up a drug tolerance ? take drugs to keep off or relieve withdrawal symptoms. ? anomic control over your drug practice ? life revolves more or less drug procedure ? aband bingled activities you using upd to enjoy,. continue to use drugs, despite learned its hurting you. Signifi cance of the show The purpose of this theater was to gain a better judgment of how a problemdetermined system authentic around a case of drug addiction within the context of a system of relatedness. The epistemological framework informing this soft do primary(prenominal) was constructivism. The six instrumentalists who took part in the chew over represent the most outstanding role players in the particular context of living.The individual battling with drug addiction, his parents, older sister, matriarchal grandmother and maternal aunt were interviewed. The methods of info collection employed were semi-structured interviews, a chronological event chart, genograms, and an eco-map. The interviews were interpreted using the hermeneutic approach. The different themes that emerged from each musicians story were integrated in relation to each other and with respect to the collaborative sources of entropy.The most dominant themes extracted within this get hold of are the init ial reactions to Andrews drug addiction, life changes experienced due to Andrews drug addiction, support, as well as the piths attributed to Andrews drug addiction. Further researcher into problem-determined systems in different cultures is recommended. To Students Firstly, the one causality of drug abuse among university students is accomplice pressure, peculiarly from the social influences among friends, school, and the community.If their social main conclave is using drugs, it can risk for teens because they are the juncture age that re ally short to be persuaded. For example, most of university students got a slew of money from their parents and a lot of students left-hand(a) home and have a immunity to stay in dormitory by themselves, these can cause teenagers to try drugs undecomposed to fit in the social norms, they exponent do it to impress their buddies to be considered nerveless as part of being in the group and gain acceptance by friends.To Everybodyas we st raight off, today this entire round called drug, affect mostly young hoi polloi and it is more obvious in places where on that point are many gathered, like university because of the readiness of finding drugs in university, whenever they want, it is really slatternly for them to buy it because of weak lawenforcement in our country. In short, University students use drug because peer pressure, faulty function of the family, to relive their belief and theweak lawenforcement. I depend it is a big problem so oft and we should do anything to protect them from drug.They acquire to be more educated around drug abuse and have a stopping drug campaign. Moreover, the most strategic that can help is a family. truehearted family relationship, interest in your teens, talking with reasons can prevent drug use Limitations of the choose Throughout the entire process of end this necessitate, the following limitations were found The focus of this canvass was just now directed on the experiences of one particular family in one limited culture. This narrow scope might be considered a limitation to this study, as it only explored how a single Caucasian family ascribed sum to their particular experience of rug addiction. However, the main reasoning or driving force of this study was non to generalise the experiences of a particular family as being mistakable or dissimilar to the experiences of other families. Therefore, the soft orientation of this study allowed me as the researcher to focus my attention bushelly on the manner in which one family conceptualised their experiences of drug addiction. As was pointed out, Terre Blanche et al. (2006) explain that a soft approach allows the researcher to study selected issues in depth, openness and etail as it involves the studying of real-life situations as they unfold naturally. Therefore, the focus of this study was not aimed at aspects of generalised applicability that would ruin within the domain of quantita tive research. some other limitation to this study was the absence of Tims perspective regarding the family drama. However, it was each actors privilege and right to decide whether they treasured to partake in this research study. Tims refusal to be a part of this research study was therefore respected. Review or related determine Personal floor and backgroundChildhood memory pic In response to the news of Andrews drug addiction, David and Lauren both beatified themselves and essay to make find of the situation. twain Emma and Sophia authorship that they also blamed David and Lauren for Andrews drug problem. When Katie heard about Andrews drug addiction, she blamed him for it, while Andrew also describe that he only had himself to blame. The archetypal theme contains all the initial reactions experienced by the participants shortly after Andrews drug problem was exposed. Moreover, Andrews reaction to the responses from is family is also included here. Early adolescence L auren, David, Katie, Emma and Sophia all account experiencing shock. Both Lauren and David report experiencing devastation, impuissance and guilt. Yet Lauren and David also mat up protruding as they describe how the puzzle pieces discharge into place at that moment. Emma was the only participant to report feelings of utter disbelief, and Katie was the only participant who reported that she was not surprised by the news of Andrews drug addiction as she had all along been suspecting that something was do by with Andrew.Andrew reported feeling embarrassed and dreary when he told his family about his drug problem. tour point Theme Two support Changes Experienced due to Andrews Drug Addiction This theme characterises all the changes that ended in the family from the impact of Andrews drug addiction. likewise included in this theme are the changes that took place in Andrews stimulate life as a result of his drug addiction. Emotional changes Lauren and David reported that they felt up helpless, guilty and overwhelmed by Andrews drug addiction. Emma and Sophia reported that they felt overwhelmed by the intent of their involvement.Both Lauren and Andrew reported that they both felt abruptly alone during this period. 15 Katie was the only participant to report that she felt tied-d possess by her responsibilities toward her own family, and that she was subsequently rather uninvolved in Andrews problems. Andrew reported that he felt anger towards his family. Identity changes Lauren, David and Andrew reported that they vox populi of themselves as failures. Lauren felt that she had failed as a mother and David felt that he failed as a father. Andrew reported that he was tagged as the black sheep of the family when his drug addiction became public.David was the only participant to report that he was embarrassed by Andrew. Occupational changes Lauren reported that her occupational situation had become nerve-wracking as she repeatedly had to take time off fr om work as a result of Andrews drug addiction. She frequently had to attend court hearings when he had been arrested. Andrew reported that he had lost his job as a result of his drug addiction. descent changes Lauren, David, Katie and Andrew all reported that there was lots more conflict between the family members. David and Lauren reported that communication within the family had become constrained.Emma and Sophia reported that they became much closer to the members of the Joubert family as a result of their involvement. Katie was the only participant to report that she visited her parents less because Andrew was there. Reinforcement The orientation of this study is also adequately disclosed in that, as the researcher, I clearly demarcated my personal interest in the study and expectations thereof. The nature of the study was also clearly explained. As the researcher, my engagement with the material is reflected through the hermeneutic process of data analysis, which attempts to discover meaning and to achieve understanding.Consequently, specific themes were identified that seem to underlie each participants unique experience regarding the topic of the study. Therefore, I attempted to approach this 26 study from a position of not knowing and allowed myself the privilege of seeing the world through the eyes of each participant that took part in this study. The hermeneutic process of data analysis also allowed me the opportunity to firm ground the various interpretations, by linking each identified theme with examples from the specific interviews conducted with the participants.The inclemency of this study was obtained by utilising the triangulation strategy. The data generated in this study was obtained from multiple sources such as the books study, the description of the family and its members, the genograms, a chronological event chart, an eco-map and semi-structured interviews. The validity of this study is notwithstanding strengthened by the overall tackiness reflected in the qualitative nature, postmodern ontology, constructivist epistemology, literature study, hermeneutic method of analysis and collaborative resources chosen for this study.As such, a visible take out of relevance runs through the different facets of this study. The study also appears fruitful as it provides an copiousness of rich and meaningful descriptions about drug addiction as a problem-determined system. In particular, the participants that took part in this study all agreed that the ways in which I engaged them individually had make sniff out to them. As such, catalytic validity has been achieved. goal This study allowed me as the researcher the profound privilege of bearing witness to abstruse complexities of the Joubert family drama.Through the stories told by each participant, the themes that seem to underlie them, and from the collaborative sources of data, I was able to see how Andrews drug addiction developed within the context of his famil y system. The following hypotheses were made It appears that the Joubert family has always had extremely limiting rules to which each member had to adhere. These rules inevitably resulted in the brass of redundant 28 patterns of interaction between the family members.The limited family repertoire provided a sense of stability as it ensured the predictability of each family member. mayhap Andrews birth marked the father of this familys evolution from an undifferentiated change surface of sameness to greater individual differentiation. When Andrew was much younger, it was easier for the family to maintain its stability or consideration quo by opposing the difference or the new information that Andrew tried to exercise to the family system. At this time, Andrew was merely pushed toward the periphery of the family as he was labelled the black sheep and the outsider.Thus, by reframing the difference that Andrew brought to his family as deviance, the family was able to tarry homeos tatic and unchanged. But despite the Joubert familys commitment to sameness, they had managed to create the context for change. Their immediate response to the challenge that Andrews drug addiction posed to their stability, was to form a problem-determined system whereby they all agreed through their languaging that Andrews drug addiction was in fact a problem. In this manner, the family tried to keep Andrew as their scapegoat by once again labelling him as the sole carrier of the problem.However, Andrews drug addiction was much stronger than the homeostatic tendency of the Joubert family unit, and so evolution could take place. As a result, the stable family system was pushed off its axes and relationships were modify to such an extent that greater differentiation amongst the family members was made possible. Finally, it seems appropriate to say that where there was a beginning there is now an ending and in that way the study has come full circle as it achieved that which it has s et out to achieve.